For years, intelligence was seen as the primary driver of academic success. However, new research from Queen Mary University of London and University College London reveals that non-cognitive skills—like motivation, self-regulation, and perseverance—are just as important. These skills, shaped by both genetics and environment, become increasingly influential as children progress through their education.

The Power of Non-Cognitive Skills

While cognitive abilities have long been linked to academic achievement, this study shows that non-cognitive skills play a critical role, especially as students grow older. Skills such as grit and the value placed on learning not only contribute to success but their influence strengthens over time. Dr. Margherita Malanchini, co-lead of the study, highlights that these skills are significant predictors of academic outcomes.

Genetics and Environment

One of the most striking findings is the genetic basis for non-cognitive skills. Researchers developed a “polygenic score” to estimate a child’s genetic predisposition to these skills, finding that their influence nearly doubles between ages 7 and 16, eventually matching that of cognitive abilities.

However, the environment remains crucial. Children’s personalities and traits interact with their surroundings, creating a feedback loop that reinforces their strengths. This suggests that while genetic predispositions are important, family and school environments can enhance or mitigate their impact.

Educational Implications

These findings suggest that education systems need to focus more on developing non-cognitive skills alongside cognitive ones. By nurturing traits like resilience and self-motivation, schools can create a more inclusive and effective learning environment.

As Dr. Malanchini puts it, “Rebalancing our educational focus to include non-cognitive skills can lead to better outcomes for all students.”

Queen Mary University of London. “Non-cognitive skills: The hidden key to academic success.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 26 August 2024